青岛沿海24种鱼类耳石秤量特征与鱼体大小关系     

王英俊  吴莹莹  邹琰  刘童  刘洪军  宋爱环 《海洋科学》2018,42(8):48-55

研究中经常会用测量耳石称量特征推算饵料鱼类的形态参数,而青岛沿海鱼类相关的研究较少,因此作者根据2015年3、5、8月3个航次在青岛近海的拖网调查数据,分析了捕获的24种共1002尾鱼的耳石秤量特征(耳石长、耳石宽和耳石质量)和鱼体大小(体长、体质量)的关系。结果表明,渔获24种鱼类分属5个目、14个科、24种鱼类的体长体质量呈显著幂函数相关,相关系数R~2的范围为0.779～0.997,幂指数b的范围为2.376～3.591,平均值为3.048±0.327,其中黄鲫(Setipinna taty)等11种鱼类的b值均大于3(P0.05),为正异速生长,其余13种鱼类的b值小于3(P0.05),呈负异速增长。耳石宽-鱼体长的相关性比耳石长-鱼体长的相关性要好,仅有3种鱼(饰鳍斜棘鱼衔(Repomucenus ornatipinnis)、矛尾虾虎鱼(Chaeturichthys stigmatias)和焦氏舌鳎Cynoglossus lighti)未呈现显著相关关系。在耳石质量-鱼体质量的相关关系中,9种鱼(如皮氏叫姑(Johnius belengerii)、扁斜棘?(Repomucenus planus)、石鲽(Kareius bicoloratus)呈显著相关(只是列举了一部分), 5种鱼(锦鳚(Pholis nebulosus)、矛尾虾虎鱼(Chaeturichthys stigmatias)、斑尾刺虾虎鱼(Synechogobius ommaturus)、焦氏舌鳎(Cynoglossus lighti))在现有样品情况下未呈现显著相关关系。  相似文献   

Clupeid fish hosts a Peniculus sp.(Pennellidae,Siphonostomatoida, Copepoda)—First report on new host and season dependent prevalence     

Kattambally Rijin  TMV Mumthaz  Kappalli Sudh  Anilkumar Gopinathan 《海洋学报(英文版)》2019,38(12):118-125

Pennellid copepod Peniculus fistula fistula(Nordmann, 1832)(Synonym: Peniculus fistula Nordmann, 1832,Aphia ID: 745880), a worldwide distributed species, has been recovered from at least 19 teleost families. The present paper reports for the first time from the Malabar coast(South India), not only the existence of a new host family, Clupeidae, hosting this parasitic copepod species(P. fistula fistula) but also their season dependent hosting. A total of 123 marine fish species, belonging to 77 genera and 38 families surveyed along the Malabar coast, only the clupeid, Anadontostoma chacunda(Hamilton, 1822) was shown to be infected by this copepod species; all the recovered(copepod) parasites were invariably found attached at the mid portion of the caudal fin lobes and lying parallel to the host body, indicating the strict site-specific parasitisation. There is a discrete seasonality in the prevalence(P0.05) as the sign of infection was noticed during the period from September to May with relatively high prevalence during winter months(November–January). During the monsoon months(June–August), the host fish was found completely free from Peniculus infection. Interestingly, all the 229 recovered specimens(P. fistula fistula) were gravid females having paired uniserrate egg sacs with the length more than its own body length.  相似文献   

海产鱼类中异尖线虫酶消化检测技术的研究与应用     

许旭  黄维义  隋建新  林洪  鲜均章  励建荣  曹立民 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2010,40(3)

以3种海鱼(牙鲆、狭鳕、鲱鱼)为样本,针对海产品中主要的致病性寄生虫-异尖线虫,开展了酶消化检测技术的研究.根据鱼肉消化前后干物质的质量变化设计了胃蛋白酶消化效率的计算方法,并按照鱼肉:消化液＝1:10 (g/mL)的反应比例,分别确定了酶水解鱼肉的最佳条件为:初始pH值为1.1,温度为37 ℃,酶活力为8 U/mL左右;消化后所得的虫体采用多重PCR方法替代传统的形态学观察进行种属鉴定,从而初步建立了基于酶水解-多重PCR的异尖线虫的酶消化检测体系.实际样本检测表明,该技术可以较为准确、快速地用于海产鱼类中简单异尖线虫(Anisakis simplex)和伪地新线虫(Pseudoterranova decipiens)的确证性检测.  相似文献   

Limpets as prey: Lipophrys pholis choice for size     

Ana C. Silva  Ana C. Amador  Sónia Brazão  Claúdia Faria  Diana Boaventura 《Marine Ecology》2010,31(4):525-532

Patellid limpets are key species on rocky shores, structuring intertidal assemblages through their grazing. Their role as prey for fish is, however, often overlooked in studies of intertidal ecosystem functioning. The shanny Lipophrys pholis is a common predator of limpets on rocky shores in Northern Europe and, in this study, we examined the characteristics of its predation on limpets based on prey size. The limpet size range that adult L. pholis (10–12.5 cm) can eat was examined in the laboratory using Patella depressa in 0.2 cm classes, varying between 0.5 cm and 3.0 cm in maximum shell length. There was a limpet size refuge above 1.8 cm, while all smaller sizes were readily consumed by the shanny. The predator attacking behaviour was also examined and found to vary with prey size. Limpets up to 0.8 cm were crushed by the jaw‐constricting force and eaten whole, whereas larger prey were prised from the substratum and the body subsequently separated from the shell. To examine whether there was a L. pholis preference for P. depressa size, a two‐stage laboratory experiment was done using two size classes defined as small (0.7–0.8 cm maximum shell length) and large (1.5–1.6 cm maximum shell length). In the first stage, the predator was given each limpet size class separately. In the second stage, the fish was given a choice between the two classes. Lipophrys pholis was shown to have a preference for the large size class (1.5–1.6 cm). The average number of limpets consumed by the shanny was examined for the duration of one high‐tide typical of the central region of Portugal (≈ 4 h). On average, approximately five limpets (up to an eight limpet maximum) were consumed. The present study shows that L. pholis has a feeding preference based on limpet size, which suggests that the limpet population structure and intra‐ and inter‐specific interactions may be influenced by the shanny predation.  相似文献   

Growth and feeding patterns of European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) early life stages in the Aegean Sea (NE Mediterranean)     

Ignacio A. Catalán  Arild Folkvord  Isabel Palomera  Gemma Quílez-Badía  Fotini Kallianoti  Anastasios Tselepides  Argyris Kallianotis 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2010

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Species-specific patterns of aggregation of wild fish around fish farms     

T. Dempster  P. Sanchez-Jerez  I. Uglem  P.-A. Bjørn 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2010

Fish-farming structures are widespread in coastal waters and are highly attractive to wild fish. Several studies have estimated that tons to tens of tons of wild fish aggregate around fish farms. These estimates assumed that the majority of wild fish are concentrated immediately beneath farms, although this assumption has never been explicitly tested. We tested the hypothesis that abundances of wild fish would be greatest immediately beneath farms and progressively diminish with distance at 4 full-scale coastal salmon (Salmo salar) farms in Norway. At each farm, fish were counted with a video-camera system at 5 different distances from the cages (farm = 0 m, 25, 50, 100 and 200 m) throughout the water column on three separate days. Combined across all locations and times, the total abundance of wild fish was 20 times greater at the farm than at the 200 m sampling distance. Saithe (Pollachius virens) dominated assemblages at all 4 farms and were consistently significantly more abundant at the farm than at the 25–200 m distances. This ‘tight aggregation’ around farms corresponds to the reliance of saithe on waste feed when they school near farms. In contrast, patterns of distribution of both cod (Gadus morhua) and poor cod (Trisopterus minutus) varied among farms, with either highest abundances at the farm or a more even distribution of abundance across all 5 distances sampled. No specific pattern of aggregation was evident for the bottom-dwelling haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus). Our results suggest that the present 100 m no-fishing zone around salmon farms protects the greatest proportion of farm-aggregated saithe and cod from fishing during the daytime. However, whether this reduces their overall susceptibility to fishing requires further research regarding nighttime distribution and movements.  相似文献   

Challenging spatial and seasonal distribution of fish landings—The experiences from rural community quotas in Norway     

Øystein Hermansen  Bent Dreyer 《Marine Policy》2010

In most fisheries catch per unit effort shows significant seasonal and spatial variation. Traditionally, i.e. when vessels are free to choose their harvesting strategy, 80% of the Norwegian cod is landed during the winter in a limited geographical area. To alter the seasonal and spatial supply of cod to the fish processing industry, rural community quotas were introduced. In this paper, we develop a model to predict how different vessels will adapt to the quotas introduced. The hypotheses developed are mostly confirmed in an empirical study. Theoretical, methodological, and managerial implications of the findings are discussed.  相似文献   

美国红鱼试养的初步研究     

毛兴华  季如宝  朱明远  王宇宁 《海洋科学进展》1997,(1)

笔者自行培育的美国红鱼苗体长25～30mm．1996年6月上、中旬到当年12月中旬．其个体的平均重量分别达到了750g和800g，生长速度优于我国其他养殖鱼种。  相似文献   

棉粕蛋白酶解物对异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)消化、生长和胰蛋白酶mRNA表达量的影响     

刘文斌  王恬 《海洋与湖沼》2006,37(6):568-574

以棉粕蛋白为酶解底物,用枯草杆菌蛋白酶对其进行酶解,以酶解产物1.5%和3.0%两个梯度等量替代鱼饲料配方中棉粕,在室内流水养殖系统中喂养异育银鲫鱼种[体重为(30±2)g]65天。测定鱼的生长、营养物质表观消化率、消化蛋白酶活性及肝胰脏中胰蛋白酶mRNA表达水平等指标。结果表明,添加1.5%和3.0%棉粕酶解产物的鱼在饲养35天后的特定增长率(SGR)分别比对照组高32.5%和56.7%,且差异显著(P<0.05);在饲养65天后,两组特定增长率分别比对照组高8.0%和21.0%,且差异极显著(P<0.01),肝胰脏中胰蛋白酶mRNA表达水平也随棉粕酶解产物添加梯度提高而相应提高,表明鱼的生长与消化蛋白酶mRNA表达水平相关。同时棉粕蛋白酶解物对肠道蛋白酶的活性和营养物质表观消化率都有促进作用,而棉粕蛋白酶解物对鱼肌肉成分并没有改变,这也表明棉粕蛋白酶解物在促进鱼生长、内源酶活性同时并未降低鱼的品质。  相似文献   

Relationships between benthic macrofauna and habitat suitability for juvenile common sole (Solea solea, L.) in the Vilaine estuary (Bay of Biscay, France) nursery ground     

D. Nicolas  F. Le Loc'h  Y. Dsaunay  D. Hamon  A. Blanchet  O. Le Pape 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2007,73(3-4):639-650

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